Reducing cholesterol and fat intake improves glucose tolerance by enhancing beta cell function in non-diabetic subjects.

Reducing cholesterol and fat intake improves glucose tolerance by enhancing beta cell function in non-diabetic subjects.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Oct 31;:

Authors: Tricò D, Trifirò S, Mengozzi A, Morgantini C, Baldi S, Mari A, Natali A

Abstract
Context: A diet low in cholesterol and fat is commonly recommended to prevent metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, its effect on glucose tolerance is largely unknown.
Objective: We examined whether and through which mechanisms a chronic reduction of cholesterol and fat intake affects glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals, independently of weight changes.
Design and participants: In this cross-over, randomized clinical trial, thirty healthy subjects, including fifteen individuals with family history of T2D (T2D Offspring), underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after two 14-day isocaloric diets characterized by either high (HChF) or low (LChF) cholesterol and fat content.
Main outcome measures: Changes in glucose tolerance, beta cell function, insulin clearance, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated by modeling plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels during the OGTT.
Results: The shift from the HChF to the LChF diet was neutral on body weight but enhanced glucose tolerance (mean glucose -5%, p=0.01) and three components of beta cell function, namely glucose sensitivity (+17%, p=0.01), insulin secretion at fasting glucose (+20%, p=0.02), and potentiation (+19%, p=0.03). The LChF diet improved insulin sensitivity (+7%, p=0.048) only in T2D Offspring, who tended to be more susceptible to the positive effect of the diet on glucose tolerance.
Conclusions: A chronic and isocaloric decrease in dietary cholesterol and fat intake improves glucose tolerance by diffusely ameliorating beta cell function in non-diabetic subjects. Individuals genetically predisposed to develop T2D tend to be more susceptible to the positive effect of this dietary intervention on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

PMID: 29095990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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